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1.
J Fr Ophtalmol ; 46(2): 101-105, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-20242163

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of ocular conveyance of SARS-CoV-2 has been well described for severe/hospitalized cases, but scarcely reported in asymptomatic and non-severe patients, who are unaware that they are carriers. MATERIAL & METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study quantitatively evaluated SARS-CoV-2 shedding on the ocular surface (OS). Conjunctival testing was suggested to all hospital personnel being screened by nasopharyngeal (NP) SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Disease symptoms were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire and telephone follow-up 6±3 months later for disease evolution (recovery with/without severe disease). RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty seven patients were included. From 46 NP SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects (cycle threshold [CT]=24.2±7.1), 13% tested positive at the OS (CT=36.4±2.8). Most SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects were symptomatic (n=40, 87%), while 6 were asymptomatic (being tested as contact cases). Systemic symptoms were not significantly different in OS-positive vs OS-negative subjects, although headache tended to be more frequent in OS-positives (83% vs 54%, P=0.06). None of the OS-positive subjects reported ocular symptoms and none developed severe disease requiring hospitalization or oxygen therapy. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 shedding at the OS may occur in asymptomatic and non-severe COVID-19 individuals (including those absent of ocular symptoms). However, the high RT-PCR CT values attained may indicate a low risk of transmissibility via this route.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Conjunctiva
2.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol ; 2022 Jul 29.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2296760

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: SARS-CoV-2 is more likely to cause severe cases in pregnant women. They were part of the priority groups since April 2021 to benefit from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination before its extent to general population. This contribution aims to evaluate, in the postpartum period, the achievement of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated in women during their pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Multicenter cross-sectional survey study conducted from September to December 2021 with online self-questionnaire. All postpartum patients hospitalized in one of the 6 participating maternity hospitals were invited to answer. The questionnaire asked patients about their demographic characteristics, vaccination modalities, vaccine tolerance, and their general perception of vaccination. RESULTS: Of the 371 women who responded, the vaccination rate was 65.7% (IC95% [60.8-70.4]), whom 98.8% entirely during pregnancy. Associated factors with vaccination during pregnancy were older age, higher socio-professional category, and prior information provided by health professionals. Factors that appear to motivate vaccination were personal protection and protection of the newborn. Finally, main factors negatively influencing the vaccination process were the fear of vaccine side effects and the negative perception of vaccines in general. DISCUSSION: Acceptability and information about the vaccine by health professionals is in constant improvement. Information campaigns should be continued to improve the acceptability of vaccination, in light of the accumulating data.

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J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod ; 52(4): 102566, 2023 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2276671

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 can lead to several types of complications during pregnancy. Variant surges are associated with different severities of disease. Few studies have compared the clinical consequences of specific variants on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate and compare disease severity in pregnant women and obstetrical or neonatal complications between variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have circulated in France over a two-year period (2020-2022). METHOD: This retrospective cohort study included all pregnant women with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive naso-pharyngeal RT-PCR test) from March 12, 2020 to January 31, 2022, in three tertiary maternal referral obstetric units in the Paris metropolitan area, France. We collected clinical and laboratory data for mothers and newborns from patients' medical records. Variant identification was either available following sequencing or extrapolated from epidemiological data. RESULTS: There were 234/501 (47%) Wild Type (WT), 127/501 (25%) Alpha, 98/501 (20%) Delta, and 42/501 (8%) Omicron. No significative difference was found regarding two composite adverse outcomes. There were significantly more hospitalizations for severe pneumopathy in Delta variant than WT, Alpha and Omicron respectively (63% vs 26%, 35% and 6%, p<0.001), more frequent oxygen administration (23% vs 12%, 10% and 5%, p = 0,001) and more symptomatic patients at the time of testing with Delta and WT (75% and 71%) versus Alpha and Omicron variants (55% and 66% respectively, p<0.01). Stillbirth tended to be associated with variants (p = 0.06): WT 1/231 (<1%) vs 4/126 (3%), 3/94 (3%), and 1/35 (3%) in Alpha, Delta and Omicron cases respectively. No other difference was found. CONCLUSION: Although the Delta variant was associated with more severe disease in pregnant women, we found no difference regarding neonatal and obstetrical outcomes. Neonatal and obstetrical specific severity may be due to mechanisms other than maternal ventilatory and general infection.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Mothers , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology
5.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ; 81:945-946, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2008944

ABSTRACT

Background: It is now well established that patients treated with rituximab (RTX) for auto-immune disease (AID) have a diminished antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines after two doses. Optimizing antibody response is a key objective in this population. To achieve this goal, a 3rd booster dose may be considered. Objectives: Focusing on the population of AID patients treated with RTX without any antibody response after two doses we sought to explore how these patients could respond to a 3rd dose and identify factors of response. Methods: We performed a French retrospective bicentric observational trial which is a follow up of previously published work (1). We included consecutive patients treated with RTX that were non-responders regarding their anti-Spike antibody (anti-S) status at least one month after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Patients were included between March and October 2021. All patients then received a third dose according to local guidelines and had an anti-S measurement at least one month after the third dose. Some patients without response to a third dose had a fourth dose. Anti-S were measured in serum with various kits, but all results were in BAU/mL with upper quantifcation limit at 243. Patients with anti-S above 49 BAU/mL, which has been demonstrated to be the threshold associated with detectable neutralizing response were considered as responders (1). Results: 60 patients treated with RTX without response to 2 doses (Anti-S Ab < 49 BAU/mL) were included in the study. 9/60 (15%) patients responded to the 3rd vaccine dose with anti-S > 49BAU/ml. Responders and non-responders had similar demographic characteristics (Table 1). There was a positive correlation between anti-S Ab levels after dose 3 and time between 2nd and 3rd doses (r=0,41 p=0,001) (Figure 1). Nevertheless, the median time between 2nd and 3rd doses was numerically but not signifcantly higher in responders than in non-responders (129 vs 80 days, p=0.30). There was no correlation between anti-S levels after the third dose and the time between the last RTX infusion and the third vaccine dose. There was a trend towards more patients with methotrexate co-medication in the non-responder group 31/51 (61%) vs 3/9 (33%) in the responder group (p=0,15). Seven non-responder patients after the 3rd dose received a 4th dose and 4 (57%) responded. Conclusion: A third vaccine dose of COVID-19 vaccine leads to only 15% of response in previously non-responding RTX treated AID patients. A longer time between 2nd and 3rd doses might positively influences response to a 3rd COVID-19 vaccine. Finally exploratory fndings show that a fourth dose could be useful to obtain response non-responders.

6.
Gynecologie Obstetrique Fertilite et Senologie ; 50(5):444, 2022.
Article in French | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2004097

ABSTRACT

Déclaration de liens d’intérêts: Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d’intérêts.

7.
Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie ; 2022.
Article in French | EuropePMC | ID: covidwho-1970529

ABSTRACT

Objectif : Le SARS-CoV-2 est plus à risque d’engendrer des formes graves chez les femmes enceintes. Ces dernières faisaient partie des groupes prioritaires dès avril 2021 pour bénéficier de la vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 avant sa généralisation. Cet article vise à évaluer en post-partum la réalisation de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 et les facteurs associés chez les femmes pendant leur grossesse. Matériel & méthode : Enquête transversale multicentrique réalisée de septembre à décembre 2021 par auto-questionnaire en ligne. Toutes les patientes en suites de couches hospitalisées dans une des 6 maternités participantes étaient invitées à y répondre. Le questionnaire collectait leur caractéristiques démographiques, les modalités de vaccination, la tolérance du vaccin et leur perception générale des vaccins. Résultats : Sur les 371 femmes ayant répondu, un taux de vaccination de 65,8 % (IC95% [60,8-70,4]) était observé dont 98,8 % entièrement pendant la grossesse. Les facteurs associés à la vaccination pendant la grossesse étaient un âge plus élevé, la catégorie socio-professionnelle supérieure et l’information préalable délivrée par des professionnels de santé. Les facteurs semblant motiver la vaccination étaient la protection personnelle et celle du nouveau-né. Les principaux facteurs influençant péjorativement la démarche vaccinale étaient la peur des effets secondaires du vaccin ainsi que la perception négative des vaccins en général. Discussion : Une amélioration constante des connaissances sur le vaccin est un facteur déterminant de l’amélioration de l’information délivrée aux patientes par les professionnels de santé. Cette progression doit être renforcée par les campagnes de sensibilisation afin d’améliorer l’acceptabilité de la vaccination, à la lumière de l’accumulation des données.

8.
Revue du Rhumatisme ; 88:A44, 2021.
Article in French | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1537031

ABSTRACT

Introduction La pandémie mondiale de COVID-19 commence à être contrôlée par une vaccination massive. Les patients atteints de maladies auto-immunes (MAI) traités par rituximab ont un risque de décès 4 fois plus élevé (2,32–7,03) et semblent ne pas avoir la même réponse humorale que les témoins sains au vaccins à ARNm. L’objectif est de comparer les réponses cellulaires et humorales au vaccin ARNm BNT 162b2 contre le COVID-19 de patients atteints de MAI traités par rituximab (RTX) ou d’autres immunosuppresseurs ou immunomodulateurs (autres IS) à des sujets contrôles. Patients et méthodes Les patients et les témoins sains (HC) ont été vaccinés avec le BNT162b2 aux jours 0 et 28 et prélevés aux jours 28 et 56. Les patients présentant une infection antérieure au SARS-CoV 2 ont été exclus. Les patients ont été divisés en 2 groupes : « groupe RTX » s’ils avaient reçu du RTX il y a moins d’1 an, ou « autre IS » s’ils étaient traités avec d’autres traitements. Une évaluation sérologique de la réponse vaccinale (ECLIA Cobas, Roche) et de la neutralisation (iFlash-2019-nCoV Nab, Ylho) a été réalisée. Nous avons défini un seuil≥50 d’IgG anti-Spike comme la réponse au vaccin car c’est la valeur seuil au-delà de laquelle les HC avaient tous des anticorps neutralisants détectables. La réponse cellulaire T contre les peptides de la protéine Spike a été réalisée en détectant le marquage intracellulaire du TNF, de l’IFNg, de l’IL2, sur les lymphocytes T CD4 et CD8 activés. Résultats Vingt-huit contrôles et 57 patients atteints de MAI ont été inclus ;24 patients dans le groupe rituximab et 33 dans l’autre groupe autre IS. À j56, Le groupe RTX avait significativement moins d’IgG anti-Spike (68,6±110) par rapport au groupe HC (235±58) (p<0,0001) et au groupe autres IS (180±100) (p=0,0017). Le pourcentage de répondeurs était plus faible dans le groupe RTX : 29,2 % versus 79,4 % (p=0,0003) dans le groupe autres IS et 92,2 % dans le groupe HC (p<0,0001). Il n’y avait pas de différence de taux d’IgG anti-Spike ou de pourcentage de répondeurs entre les HC et le groupe autres IS. Parmi les T CD4 activées, le pourcentage de LT CD4 spécifiques de Spike secrétant de l’IFNg après stimulation était identique dans le groupe RTX (0,039 % [0–0,13]) et dans les groupes autre IS (0,023 % [0–0,07]) et HC (0,029 % [0–0, 07]) (p=0,38). Il n’y avait pas non plus de différence entre les groupes concernant le pourcentage de LT CD4 spécifiques sécrétant de l’IL-2 ou du TNF. Dans le groupe RTX, le délai médian depuis la dernière perfusion de RTX était significativement plus faible chez les non-répondeurs en anticorps (81 jours [IQR 147]) par rapport aux répondeurs (231 jours [IQR 89]). Aucun des patients ayant reçu RTX au cours des 6 mois précédents n’avait de réponse IgG anti-Spike. La réponse cellulaire T n’était pas corrélée au délai depuis la dernière perfusion ou à la réponse humorale. Conclusion Chez les patients atteints de MAI vaccinés avec 2 doses de vaccin anti-COVID-19 BNT162b2, la réponse humorale était significativement altérée chez les patients traités par RTX mais pas chez les patients traités par d’autres IS. Cependant, la réponse cellulaire T CD4 n’était pas différente entre le groupe RTX et les autres groupes. Des données cliniques sont nécessaires pour juger de la protection contre la maladie chez les patients RTX ayant une réponse cellulaire sans réponse humorale. En attendant, il est justifié de proposer une 3e dose vaccinale à tous les patients ayant reçu une injection de RTX moins de 6 mois avant la 1re injection vaccinale.

9.
Infectious Diseases Now ; 51(5, Supplement):S15, 2021.
Article in French | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1336467

ABSTRACT

Introduction La pandémie de COVID-19 a gravement affecté les personnes âgées. Rares études ont évalué la réponse anticorpale anti-SARS-CoV-2 dans cette population, qui a une diminution attendue des réponses immunitaires humorales et cellulaires due à l’immunosénescence. Matériels et méthodes Nous décrivons les caractéristiques cliniques et sérologiques de patients âgés hospitalisés dans cinq unités de soins de longue durée d’un CHU, touchés par deux grandes flambées épidémiques de COVID-19, en mars et novembre 2020. Dans un contexte d’urgence hospitalière, des tests sérologiques ont été réalisés pour le dépistage, le diagnostic et la réorganisation des services. Quatre-vingt-onze patients infectés en mars-avril ont été inclus rétrospectivement et suivis, cliniquement et par sérologies, pendant 12 mois. La réponse anticorpale a été évaluée 3, 6, 9 et 12 mois après l’infection, en utilisant le test Roche Elecsys pour détecter les anticorps anti-Spike et le test GenScript cPass comme test de neutralisation du virus. Résultats L’âge moyen des 91 patients était 86±7 ans, 68 % étaient des femmes. Les comorbidités les plus fréquentes étaient le diabète (23 %), l’hypertension artérielle (67 %), la coronaropathie (13%) ou le cancer (3%). La médiane d’indice de Charlson était 7 [6–8]. Tous les patients étaient fortement dépendants avec des ADL<2. L’infection à SARS-CoV-2 était diagnostiquée par une RT-qPCR nasopharyngée chez 75 d’eux ou par une sérologie positive. 85 % d’eux étaient symtpomatiques et 25 % nécessitaient d’une oxygénothérapie. À trois, 6 et 9 mois le titre moyen d’anti-Spike était respectivement de 207±84, 189±90, 181±93U/mL et la moyenne du pourcentage d’inhibition de la cPass était respectivement de 86±15, 77±20, 71±24 %. Les résultats sérologiques à 12 mois sont en cours d’analyse. Le titre d’anti-Spike et le pourcentage d’inhibition étaient fortement corrélés (r=0,85, p<0,0001). À 9 mois, tous les patients avaient des anti-Spike détectables, mais seulement 5 patients (5 %) avaient des titres inférieurs au seuil d’inhibition de 30% du test cPass. Aucun n’a développé de réinfection après la réexposition au SARS-CoV2 lors de la deuxième flambée épidémique. Conclusion Cette étude montre que, chez les personnes âgées, les anticorps neutralisants, évalués avec le test de neutralisation cPass, persistent au moins 9 mois après l’infection et semblent protéger contre une réinfection. À la lumière de ces données et dans un contexte global de pénurie de vaccins, un suivi sérologique pourrait être proposé pour évaluer la protection des personnes âgées précédemment infectées et économiser des doses de vaccins.

10.
Topics in Antiviral Medicine ; 29(1):222-223, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1250467

ABSTRACT

Background: Potential effects of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women are still conflicted. Initial symptoms for COVID-19 are often unspecific, it is thus clinically relevant to know if a positive naso-pharyngeal real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 at evaluation is predictive of perinatal outcomes. Our objective was to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among women presenting with symptoms indicating a virological test. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including all pregnant women tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in respiratory tract samples from March 12-May 1st in two tertiary referral obstetric units in the Paris metropolitan area. Indication for tests were one or more of the following symptoms: fever (>38°C), coughing, dyspnea, anosmia, myalgia, rhinorrhea, nausea and vomiting or diarrhea. Clinical and biological characteristics at initial evaluation and perinatal outcomes were compared with student test Chi2 or Fisher tests as appropriate. Results: 123 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, 55 were positive (45%). Pregnancy outcomes were available for 93% (N=114). Mean gestationalage at testing was similar between the groups (29.2 vs 30.1WG, p=0.53). The symptoms which were more frequent in women with positive PCR were anosmia: 22% (12/55) vs 9% (6/68), p=0.05, and myalgia: 33% vs 17%, p=0.04. Concerning biological characteristics, women with positive PCR were more often of blood type A (vs type O;p=0.004), more often lymphopenic (47% vs 5%, p<0.001), there was a trend towards more abnormal aPTT ratio (>1.2) (p=0.07). Hospitalization rates were higher for women tested positive: 41.8% vs 21.5%, p=0.02. All 8 women hospitalized in intensive unit care were tested positive. Preterm birth (<37WG) was higher in the group of women tested positive (30.2 vs 13.3%, p=0.029) and there was a similar trend for severe preterm (<32WG) birth (15.1% vs 5.0%, p=0.07). Among the 78 women not delivered 15 days after the test, the rate of preterm birth was similar in both groups: 17.1% (6/35) vs 11.6% (5/43), p=0.47. We found no difference in the rate of preeclampsia (4% vs 5%) or post-partum hemorrhage (15.1% vs 9.8%, p=0.41). Birthweight Z-score did not differ between the groups (-0.3 vs-0.1, p=0.32). Conclusion: In a symptomatic pregnant population tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to negative patients with same characteristics, COVID-19 infection seemed to increase medically indicated preterm births, especially during the 15 days after the RT-PCR result. (Figure Presented).

11.
Journal of Clinical Virology ; 128:8, 2020.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1161383
12.
J Clin Virol ; 129: 104335, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-824917

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital viral infection. Approximately 1 % of newborns are congenitally infected and in up to 10 % of them the consequences are severe. Antenatal and postnatal treatments, although promising, are still under evaluation. Hygiene counseling to prevent CMV infection is important and should be systematic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate health care providers' awareness of CMV maternal and congenital infection in France. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire on CMV infection was sent in 2018 by e-mail to obstetricians, pediatricians, midwives and laboratory physicians, and members of medical or midwifery associations. We evaluated their knowledge concerning CMV epidemiology, transmission, symptoms in adults, newborns and long-term effects (scores from 0 to 30) and compared the results with those of our 2012 published study. RESULTS: Of the 597 respondents who completed the questionnaire, 91 % were unaware of the precise transmission route of CMV, 33 % wrongly thought thatin utero therapy for congenital CMV infection was a current standard of care in France, and less than half were familiar with the HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé) and CNGOF (Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français) recommendations. When respondents' knowledge of CMV was greater, patients were given more hygiene counseling. Between 2011 and 2018, knowledge improved among doctors and midwives concerning the route of transmission, the symptoms in adults, and the long-term effects of CMV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge is improving among healthcare providers, but gaps remain. To bridge these gaps, health care providers should improve their knowledge about congenital CMV by various means: medical reviews, continuing medical education, meetings, conferences, the Internet. Moreover, greater knowledge will allow for more effective counseling of pregnant women, as recommended by HCSP and CNGOF in France.


Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Adult , Cytomegalovirus , Cytomegalovirus Infections/transmission , Female , France , Health Personnel , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy
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